Background

Knowledge and ‘History’ are synonymous in some dimensions. The moment an information that is extremely useful to our evolution becomes available and understable to people, it is knowledge as well as history. It is knowledge because it is useful and it is history because it is a thing of past.

Generally we use the word ‘history’ only with respect to things of past associated with ‘social’ events and social information. Information associated with Mathematics, Sciences, Technologies, Medicine et al could be also seen as ‘history’.

In this dimension, everything is history. Complex Mathematical equations, Scientific theories, experiments, postulates, principles, equipments, technical fundamentals, technologies, information about our body, biological evolution, everything is history. Everything that has been discovered is ‘History’ and ‘Knowledge’ as well.

In other words Knowledge is History and History is knowledge, if we look at it in this way.

‘Veda’ which means knowledge is also ‘History’ or “Our History’ in this way. ‘Rk’ could mean ‘chants’ or ‘praises’. RkSa also indicates huge beasts or bears or apes (primitive beings that existed before Human beings) or the Rishis. All these tie up to indicate Rk Veda is the History of our Civilization learnt from Rishis or Rk Veda is the Chants of Praises of Rishis who gave us the Civilization we see.

Further evolution of Sudas

vi sadyo vishvA dRMhitAnyeSAmindraH puraH sahasA sapta dardaH

vyAnavasya tRtsave gayaM bhAg jeSma pUruM vidathe mRdhravAcam

vi sadyo – Later (Vi- not, sadyo – immediately)

vishva – world’s

dRMhitAny – fortified, strongest

dRMhitAny eSAM – strongest (people) became

indraH – Conquerors

puraH

• City, place, Castle, fortress, abode, dwelling

sahasA – forcibly, vehemently suddenly, random, unpremeditated, intensely

sapta – seven

dardaH – people of Dard or place of Dard, mountains

Later the world’s most protected became conquerors of abodes forcibly in seven mountains

vyAna – bow down

avasya – to seek favor or assistance, blessings

tRtsave – unto the third race

bowing down to seek assistance from the Trtsus

gayaM – the acquired/conquered

bhAg – part, share

jeSma – gains

gain share of the acquired (land/property)

pUruM – the Eastern people

vidathe

• assembly or council of

mRdhravAcam – people who have contemptuous speech/knowledge (or contempt for knowledge)

(from) the Eastern people who are an assembly of people having contempt for knowledge

Later the world’s most protected (Sudasas protected by Trtsus/Rishis) became conquerors of abodes forcibly in seven mountains of Dard.  The Eastern people  bowed down to seek assistance from the Trtsus (people who led the conquests for the Sudasas). The Eastern people who had contempt for knowledge,  gain share of the acquired (land/property), this way by bowing down to the Trtsus.The Sudas thus got settled in region of Dard ( a mountaneous region in the East) along with eastern people who are described as having contempt for knowledge. While the Sudas were people of two divisions, the Eastern people were not.

ni gavyavo.anavo druhyavashca SaSTiH shatA suSupuH SaT sahasrA

ṣaṣṭirvīrāso adhi ṣaḍ duvoyu viśvedindrasya vīryā kṛtāni

ni- gavyavo – people desiring to evolve, to multiply

anavo – unyielding, uninterrpted people

druhyavakSa – Control the hostile people

SaSTi Shata – sixty hundred

suSupu –  (su) well  (Su) gave birth  (pu) purified

SaT sahasra – six thousand times

Desiring to evolve/multiply un-interruptedly, control the hostile people of sixty hundred to give birth to six thousand.

SaSti – sixty

virAso –  brave

viraso – unpleasant, disagreeing, fighting people

adhi – From

From The Sixty disagreeing people

SaT – Six

duvoyu – honored, revered ones

six honored ones

visved

• all consuming

indrasya

• of the conquest, conquest’s

visvedindrasya – all consuming conquest’s

vIryA – valorous

krtAni – performing

Valorously performing all consuming conquests

From the sixty unpleasant the six revered valorously performing all consuming conquests

Desiring to evolve/multiply un-interruptedly, controlling the hostility, sixty hundred groups became purified/cleaned to six thousand group. From the sixty unpleasant groups, they become six revered ones valorously performing all consuming conquests.Essentially the Eastern people and Sudas mixed up and got cleaned of their hostility and became six thousand from sixty hundred. In other words they got integrated.

indreṇaite tṛtsavo veviṣāṇā āpo na sṛṣṭā adhavanta nīcīh

durmitrāsaḥ prakalavin mimānā jahurviśvāni bhojanā sudāse

indreNaite – Naturally curved

trtsavo – the trtsu’s

vevisAnA – horn, peak, top, acuteness of intellect (madhi nunukkam)

apo – celestial water (base medium of life), obtained

Na – not

srstA – created

adavanta – end of lordless

adhava – lordless, leaderless

adhava- anta

• end of lordless

nicih – pile up, heap, collection

adavanta nicih – end of lordless into a collection

The naturally curved trtsu’s horn or intellect (acuteness of intellect) obtained not created the end of the lordless into a collection.

durmitrasah – bad friends, bad companions

prakalavin – knowing very little

mimAnA – thoughtful people

jahur – gave up, abandon

visvAni – all the

bhojana – food

visvAni bhojana – all the food habits

sudase – receiver of gifts

Knowing very little of bad company, the thoughtful/investigating people gave up all the food habits of Sudas (their previous food habits).

The naturally curved trtsu’s intellect (acuteness of intellect) obtained not created the end of the lordless into a collection.Knowing very little of bad company, the thoughtful/investigating people abandon all the food habits of Sudas (their previous food habits).

This acuteness of intellect is called the ‘horn’ from a peak/top view (even today). (People ask Do you have a horn..?). It also matches with 'Horn' depictions of Rishis in the later day Indus Valley seals.

Once the Sudasas settled in the seven regions of Dard along with Eastern people, they started abandoning their previous foodhabits (or probably Trtsus taught them so)

ardhaṃ vīrasya śṛtapāmanindraṃ parā śardhantaṃ nunude abhi kṣām

indro manyuṃ manyumyo mimāya bheje patho vartanimpatyamānaḥ

ardham – half, a part

virasya – juiceless, sapless

ztrapAm – eating/drinking cooked/boiled food

an indram – not the conqueror, sudas

Half sapless cooked food eating, not conquerors (who have not mastered it) (People who have not mastered cooked food eating)

parA –Subsequently

zardhantam – boldly

nu – now, indeed

nude – pushed out, removed, thrusted

abhi – into

ksAm – burnt to ashes, charred, scorched, singed, thin, wasted, slender

Subsequently boldly push into burning (food)

indro manyum – conquerors of anger (towards friends)

manyumyo  mimaya – become spiritedly thoughtful

bheje – enter

patho – path, way

vartanim – track, rut

pathovartanim – track way

patyamana – falling down, precipitate, being thrown down, being put on

On being put on this track, they enter the path of conquering anger and become spiritedly thoughtful.

Manyu is not just anger. It is anger towards friends. In other words it indicates the ‘roughness’ or ‘harshness’ of people.

People who had not mastered half-juiceless cooked food eating, subsequently boldly pushed into burning their food.  Being put on this track (by the Trtsus),  they enter the path of  conquering their harshness and become spiritedly thoughtful.

Thus the Sudasas who started cooking food (like the Trtsus, who were earlier called as one’s who cooked their food) started conquering their harshness in behavior and started thinking.

Earlier Sudasas were called as illiterate, not thinking nomads. Now the Sudasas got settled, their food-habits changed, they control their harshness and start becoming thoughtful people.

*ādhreṇa cit tad vekaṃ cakāra siṃhyaṃ cit petvenā jaghāna

ava sraktīrveśyāvṛścadindraḥ prāyachad viśvā bhojanā sudāse*

AdhreNa – Respectful, honorable

cit – appears

tad – that

The honorable appear as that

va ekam

• as  One

cakAra

• executed, made, performed, compiled, wore, created

simhyam – (form) propert y of lion

One created with property of a lion

cit – that appears

petva – ram, impotent goat, small part, nectar, ghee, butter

ena – this

jaghAna – in the rear, in the lower portions.

that appears as a Ram (goat) in the lower portions

The respectful, honorable ones appear as one who were created with property of a lion that appear as goat in the lower portions

It means they appeared very strong, but possessed the stomach of a goat. This mostly meant people who were herbivores.

ava – from, down, downward, below

sraktir – flower garlanded

vezyA – that can be used by anyone

vezyA vrksa – trees/plants from which anyone can use

cad – to ask or to beg from

Indrah – conqueror, masters

Conquerors of begging from flower garlanded trees/plants (People who have mastered to live off the flowering trees/plants that serve everyone)

prAya– going forth (for a battle), course, race

chad – to spread as a cover, to cover one’s self, protect, hide, conceal

visva – world, all

bhojana – food

sudase – of Sudasas

Go forth  to cover all the food (needs) of the sudas.

The respectful, honorable ones appear as one who were created with property of a lion that appear as goat in the lower portions. It means they appeared very strong like a lion, but possessed the stomach of a goat. They were herbivores.  They conquered living off the trees and plants for all their food.

śaśvanto hi śatravo rāradhuṣ ṭe bhedasya cicchardhato vinda randhim

martānena stuvato yaḥ kṛṇoti tighmaṃ tasmin ni jahi vajramindra

sasvanto – endless, continual, everlasting people

hi – for, on account of,  (than)

The everlasting people (probably stable people in this case)

zatravo – enemy, hostile, inimical, enmity, hostility, enemies, belonging to enemy

rArA- most

dhuste – corrupt, wicked, rogue

rArAdhuste – of most wicked or criminal

most wicked of the hostilities

bheda – break, split, tear into pieces, pierce, burst asunder, divide into

asya – of this

Cic – cit

• appears

cardhato – one who ejects, throws

throwing off  to pieces or divisions

vinda – Find, seek

randhim – subjugated, cooked, prepared, winning over

Seeking to win over

The Stable people’s most wicked of the hostility burstingly throw off seeking to win over (the harshness/roughness in them)

Marta

• mortal

anena – blameless or sinless or faultless

stuvato – praised ones, worshipped ones

Faultless mortals worship/priase

yah – that

krnoti – maker, performer, he makes

tigmam – sharpness, pointedness, hotness, passion, violence

tasmin – in that

ni  jahi – striking

nija hi – their own

vajram –hard and mighty

indra – conquest

that maker of sharpness/passion in that striking hard conquest.

Everlasting (Stable) people throw off to pieces the most wickedness of their hostilities, winning over them. These faultless mortals worship/praise the makers of the sharpness/passion in that hard striking conquests (The Trtsus).

Thus Sudas change their food habits, reduce their hostilities and wickedness, reduce their harshness (become civilized) and become stable groups. They had already integrated into larger groups from being nomads. Now they have become stabler groups also. They praise the one’s that created their sharpness in their hard-striking conquests.

These hard-striking conquests are not conquests of land. This is also applicable to their conquest of mutual hostilities, wickedness in their hostilities, roughness,  food-habits by which they start living off the tress and plants (have the stomach of goat) etc, which lead to them to being civilized and being thoughtful people.  They praise the Rishi’s that helped them in all their conquests.

Conventional interpretation by Griffith is as follows:

Indra at once with conquering might demolished all their strong places and their seven castles. The goods of Anus' son he gave to Trtsu. May we in sacrifice conquer scorned Puru. The Anavas and Druhyus, seeking booty, have slept, the sixty hundred, yea, six thousand, And sixandsixty— heroes. For the pious were all these mighty exploits done by Indra. These Trtsus under Indras' careful guidance came speeding like loosed waters rushing downward. The foemen, measuring exceeding closely, abandoned to Sudas all their provisions. The heros' side who drank the dressed oblation, Indras' denier, far over earth he scattered. Indra brought down the fierce destroyers' fury. He gave them various roads, the paths' Controller. Even with the weak he wrought this matchless exploit: even with a goat he did to death a lion.He pared the pillars' angles with a needle. Thus to Sudas Indra gave all provisions. To thee have all thine enemies submitted: even the fierce Bheda hast thou made thy subject. Cast down thy sharpened thunderbolt, O Indra, on him who harms the men who sing thy praises.

Next

• Sudasas conquest of regions beyond Yamuna

-TBT